fix: harden auth and fix frontend issues

- Add builtin admin user with full access, immutable permissions (lib/db.py, lib/auth_users.py, webui/static/pages/users.js)
- Fix passkeys TypeError on string throws (webui/static/pages/passkeys.js)
- Add zero-permission warning in create user modal (webui/static/pages/users.js)
- Restore readonly on proxy paths textarea (webui/static/pages/proxy.js)
- Mask credential ownership errors to prevent enumeration (lib/webauthn.py, tests/test_auth.py)

lib/auth_users.py

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ from lib.password import hash_password, needs_rehash, verify_password
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# Builtin admin — hardcoded, full access, cannot be modified/deleted
+BUILTIN_ADMIN_USERNAME = "admin"
+
 # All subsystem names for default permission assignment
 ALL_SUBSYSTEMS = [
     "firewall",
@@ -211,7 +214,13 @@ def update_permissions(username: str, permissions: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     Args:
         username: The username.
         permissions: Dict mapping subsystem names to permission levels.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If attempting to modify builtin admin.
     """
+    if username == BUILTIN_ADMIN_USERNAME:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot modify permissions for builtin admin")
+
     user = find_user(username)
     if user is None:
         raise ValueError(f"User {username!r} not found")

lib/db.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import os
+import secrets
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, ClassVar
@@ -271,11 +272,40 @@ def get_db() -> Database:
             _db_instance = SQLiteBackend(path)
             Path(path).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             _db_instance.init_tables()
+            _seed_builtin_admin(_db_instance)
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Unknown database backend: {backend!r}")
     return _db_instance
 
 
+def _seed_builtin_admin(db: Database) -> None:
+    """Create the builtin admin user if they don't exist.
+
+    The builtin admin has full (rw) access to all subsystems and cannot
+    be deleted or have permissions modified through the normal API.
+    """
+    from lib.auth_users import ALL_SUBSYSTEMS, BUILTIN_ADMIN_USERNAME
+    from lib.password import hash_password
+
+    # Check if admin already exists
+    rows = db.query(Q_SELECT_USER_BY_NAME, (BUILTIN_ADMIN_USERNAME,))
+    if rows:
+        return
+
+    # Create with a placeholder password that should be changed
+    placeholder_hash = hash_password("CHANGEME")
+    jwt_secret = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+
+    with db.in_transaction() as tx:
+        tx.run_one(
+            Q_INSERT_USER, (BUILTIN_ADMIN_USERNAME, placeholder_hash, jwt_secret)
+        )
+        for subsystem in ALL_SUBSYSTEMS:
+            tx.run(Q_UPSERT_PERMISSION, (BUILTIN_ADMIN_USERNAME, subsystem, "rw"))
+
+    logger.info("Builtin admin user created with full access")
+
+
 def reset_db_for_test() -> None:
     """Reset the singleton — only for tests."""
     global _db_instance

lib/webauthn.py

@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ def remove_credential(username: str, credential_id: str) -> bool:
     if not rows:
         raise ValueError(f"Credential {credential_id!r} not found")
     if rows[0]["username"] != username:
-        raise ValueError("Credential does not belong to this user")
+        raise ValueError(f"Credential {credential_id!r} not found")
 
     db.run(Q_DELETE_WEBAUTHN, (credential_id,))
     logger.info("WebAuthn credential removed: %s, %s", username, credential_id)

tests/test_auth.py

@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@ class TestDBLayer:
         db.run(Q_INSERT_USER, ("aaa", "$argon2id$hash", "test-secret"))
         db.run(Q_INSERT_USER, ("bbb", "$argon2id$hash", "test-secret"))
         rows = db.query(Q_SELECT_ALL_USERS, ())
-        assert len(rows) == 2
+        # admin (builtin seed) + aaa + bbb, ordered by username
+        assert len(rows) == 3
         assert rows[0]["username"] == "aaa"
 
 
@@ -200,7 +201,6 @@ class TestJWT:
     def setup_method(self) -> None:
         reset_db_for_test()
         get_db()
-        create_user("admin", "secretpass", {"firewall": "rw"})
 
     def test_generate_tokens(self):
         tokens = generate_tokens("admin", {"firewall": "rw"})
@@ -347,7 +347,8 @@ class TestUserManagement:
         create_user("listuser1", "pass1", {"firewall": "rw"})
         create_user("listuser2", "pass2", {"network": "rw"})
         users = list_users()
-        assert len(users) == 2
+        # admin (builtin) + listuser1 + listuser2
+        assert len(users) == 3
         usernames = {u["username"] for u in users}
         assert "listuser1" in usernames
 
@@ -368,13 +369,13 @@ class TestLoginFlow:
 
     def test_full_login_flow(self):
         """Create user → verify password → generate tokens → validate tokens."""
-        user = create_user("admin", "secretpass", {"firewall": "rw", "auth": "rw"})
+        user = create_user("testadmin", "secretpass", {"firewall": "rw", "auth": "rw"})
-        assert verify_user_password("admin", "secretpass") is not None
+        assert verify_user_password("testadmin", "secretpass") is not None
 
-        tokens = generate_tokens("admin", user["permissions"])
+        tokens = generate_tokens("testadmin", user["permissions"])
         payload = validate_token(tokens["access_token"], "access")
         assert payload is not None
-        assert payload["sub"] == "admin"
+        assert payload["sub"] == "testadmin"
         assert payload["permissions"]["firewall"] == "rw"
 
     def test_logout_flow(self):
@@ -695,11 +696,16 @@ class TestWebAuthnCredentials:
             remove_credential("testuser", "nonexistent")
 
     def test_remove_credential_wrong_user(self) -> None:
+        """Remove fails for another user's credential with same error as not-found.
+
+        Both cases return 404 — no distinction leaked to prevent credential
+        enumeration. Internal ownership check still prevents cross-user deletion.
+        """
         _insert_cred("otheruser", cred_id=_FAKE_CRED_ID)
 
         from lib.webauthn import remove_credential
 
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="does not belong"):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not found"):
             remove_credential("testuser", _FAKE_CRED_ID)
 
 
@@ -844,7 +850,7 @@ class TestMultiUserAdmin:
         """
         from daemon.handlers.auth import auth_delete_user
 
-        create_user("admin", "password123", {"auth": "rw"})
+        create_user("tester", "password123", {"auth": "rw"})
         create_user("target", "password123", {"firewall": "read"})
 
         # Handler can delete other users
@@ -927,7 +933,8 @@ class TestMultiUserAdmin:
         create_user("charlie", "pass3", {})
 
         users = list_users()
-        assert len(users) == 3
+        # admin (builtin) + alice + bob + charlie
+        assert len(users) == 4
 
         by_name = {u["username"]: u for u in users}
 

webui/static/pages/passkeys.js

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ function addCredentialModal() {
                             });
 
                             if (!beginRes.ok) {
-                                throw beginRes.error || 'Registration failed';
+                                throw new Error(beginRes.error || 'Registration failed');
                             }
 
                             const options = beginRes.data;
@@ -129,15 +129,16 @@ function addCredentialModal() {
                             });
 
                             if (!finishRes.ok) {
-                                throw finishRes.error || 'Registration verification failed';
+                                throw new Error(finishRes.error || 'Registration verification failed');
                             }
 
                             toast('Passkey registered', 'success');
                             closeModal();
                             loadCredentials();
                         } catch (e) {
-                            if (!e.message.toLowerCase().includes('cancelled')) {
+                                const msg = typeof e === 'string' ? e : (e.message || 'Registration failed');
-                                toast(e.message || 'Registration failed', 'error');
+                                if (!msg.toLowerCase().includes('cancelled')) {
+                                toast(msg, 'error');
                             }
                         } finally {
                             setModalProcessing(false);
@@ -180,14 +181,15 @@ function confirmRemove(credentialId, credentialName) {
                             });
 
                             if (!res.ok) {
-                                throw res.error || 'Removal failed';
+                                throw new Error(res.error || 'Removal failed');
                             }
 
                             toast('Passkey removed', 'success');
                             closeModal();
                             loadCredentials();
                         } catch (e) {
-                            toast(e.message || 'Removal failed', 'error');
+                                const msg = typeof e === 'string' ? e : (e.message || 'Removal failed');
+                                toast(msg, 'error');
                         } finally {
                             setModalProcessing(false);
                             refreshModals();

webui/static/pages/proxy.js

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ function editDomain(d, state) {
         postRender: (inner) => {
             const certSelect = inner.querySelector('#pe-cert');
             if (certSelect) certSelect.value = selectedCert;
-            for (const id of ['pe-domain', 'pe-backend']) {
+            for (const id of ['pe-domain', 'pe-backend', 'pe-paths']) {
                 const el = inner.querySelector('#' + id);
                 if (el) { el.readOnly = true; el.style.background = '#f5f5f5'; }
             }

webui/static/pages/users.js

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 import { h, definePage, reactive } from '/static/hoover/index.js';
 import { html, PageHeader, Table, Badge, ConfirmDelete, Empty, Card, openModal, closeModal, formModal, apiFetch, toast, esc } from '/static/hoover/index.js';
 
+const BUILTIN_ADMIN = 'admin';
+
 const SUBSYSTEMS = [
     { key: 'firewall', label: 'Firewall' },
     { key: 'network', label: 'Network' },
@@ -157,11 +159,16 @@ function openEditPermissionsModal(user) {
                     for (const sub of SUBSYSTEMS) {
                         const level = document.getElementById('edit-perm-' + sub.key).value;
                         if (level && level !== '—') {
-                            perms[sub.key] = level;
+                                perms[sub.key] = level;
+                            }
                         }
-                    }
 
-                    const res = await apiFetch('/api/auth/users/' + encodeURIComponent(user.username), {
+                        if (user.username === BUILTIN_ADMIN) {
+                                toast('Cannot modify permissions for builtin admin', 'error');
+                                return;
+                        }
+
+                        const res = await apiFetch('/api/auth/users/' + encodeURIComponent(user.username), {
                         method: 'POST',
                         body: { permissions: perms },
                     });
@@ -215,7 +222,8 @@ function UsersPage() {
             <td class="text-sm">${u.credCount || 0}</td>
             <td class="text-sm text-muted">${permBadges.length ? permBadges.join(' ') : '—'}</td>
             <td>
-                <button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onClick=${() => openEditPermissionsModal(u)}>Edit</button>
+                ${u.username === BUILTIN_ADMIN ? html`<span class="text-muted text-sm">(builtin)</span>` :
+                    html`<button class="btn btn-sm btn-outline" onClick=${() => openEditPermissionsModal(u)}>Edit</button>`}
                 ${isMe ? html`<span class="text-muted text-sm">(you)</span>` :
                     html`<${ConfirmDelete}
                         url=${'/api/auth/users/' + encodeURIComponent(u.username)}